Python Math Module
Python Math
Module
Python has a built-in
module that you can use for mathematical tasks. The math module has a set of methods and constants.
Math.ceil():- The math.ceil() method rounds a
number UP to the nearest integer, if necessary, and returns the result.
Example
Round a number upward to its nearest integer:
import math
# Round a number upward to its nearest integer
print(math.ceil(1.4))
print(math.ceil(5.3))
print(math.ceil(-5.3))
print(math.ceil(22.6))
print(math.ceil(10.0))
Output:
2
6
-5
23
10
Math.floor():- The math.floor() method
rounds a number DOWN to the nearest integer, if necessary, and returns the
result.
Example
Round numbers down to the nearest integer:
# Import math library
import math
# Round numbers down to the nearest integer
print(math.floor(0.6))
print(math.floor(1.4))
print(math.floor(5.3))
print(math.floor(-5.3))
print(math.floor(22.6))
print(math.floor(10.0))
Output:
0
1
5
-6
22
10
Math.fabs():-
The math.fabs() method returns the absolute value of a
number, as a float. Absolute denotes a non-negative number. This removes the
negative sign of the value if it has any. Unlike Python abs(), this method
always converts the value to a float value.
#Import math Library
import math
#Print absolute values from numbers
print(math.fabs(-66.43))
print(math.fabs(-7))
Output:
66.43
7.0
Math.factorial():- The math.factorial() method
returns the factorial of a number.
Note: This method only accepts positive integers.
The factorial of a number is the sum of the multiplication,
of all the whole numbers, from our specified number down to 1. For example, the
factorial of 6 would be 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720
Example
Find the factorial of a number:
#Import math Library
import math
#Return factorial of a number
print(math.factorial(9))
print(math.factorial(6))
print(math.factorial(12))
print(math.factorial(5))
Output:
362880
720
479001600
120
Math.fsum():- The math.fsum() method
returns the sum of all items in any iterable (tuples, arrays, lists, etc.).
Example
Return the sum of all items:
# Import math Library
import math
# Print the sum of all items
print(math.fsum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
print(math.fsum([100, 400, 340, 500]))
print(math.fsum([1.7, 0.3, 1.5, 4.5]))
Output:
15
1340
8
Example
Return the sum of all items:
# Import math Library
import math
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
B = (100, 400, 340, 500)
# Print the sum of all items
print(math.fsum(a)
print(math.fsum(B)
Output:
15
1340
Math.sqrt():- The math.sqrt() method
returns the square root of a number.
Note: The number must be greater than or equal to 0.
Example
Find the square root of different numbers:
# Import math Library
import math
# Return the square root of different numbers
print (math.sqrt(9))
print (math.sqrt(25))
print (math.sqrt(16))
Output:
3
5
4
Math.pow():- The math.pow() method
returns the value of x raised to power y. If x is negative and y is not an
integer, it returns a ValueError. This method converts both arguments into a
float.
Tip: If we use math.pow(1.0,x) or math.pow(x,0.0),
it will always returns 1.0.
Example
Find the value of 9 raised to the power of 3:
# Import math Library
import math
#Return the value of 9 raised to the power of 3
print(math.pow(9, 3))
print(math.pow(10, 3))
Output:
729
1000
Math.fmod():- The math.fmod() method
returns the remainder (modulo) of x/y.
Example
Return the remainder of x/y:
# Import math Library
import math
# Return the remainder of x/y
print(math.fmod(20, 4))
print(math.fmod(20, 3))
print(math.fmod(15, 6))
print(math.fmod(-10, 3))
print(math.fmod(0, 0))
Output:
729
0
2
3
-1
Math
Methods
|
Method |
Description |
|
math.acos() |
Returns the arc cosine of a number |
|
math.acosh() |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
math.asin() |
Returns the arc sine of a number |
|
math.asinh() |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
math.atan() |
Returns the arc tangent of a number in radians |
|
math.atan2() |
Returns the arc tangent of y/x in radians |
|
math.atanh() |
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
math.ceil() |
Rounds a number up to the nearest integer |
|
math.comb() |
Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items without
repetition and order |
|
math.copysign() |
Returns a float consisting of the value of the first parameter and
the sign of the second parameter |
|
math.cos() |
Returns the cosine of a number |
|
math.cosh() |
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number |
|
math.degrees() |
Converts an angle from radians to degrees |
|
math.dist() |
Returns the Euclidean distance between two points (p and q), where p
and q are the coordinates of that point |
|
math.erf() |
Returns the error function of a number |
|
math.erfc() |
Returns the complementary error function of a number |
|
math.exp() |
Returns E raised to the power of x |
|
math.expm1() |
Returns Ex - 1 |
|
math.fabs() |
Returns the absolute value of a number |
|
math.factorial() |
Returns the factorial of a number |
|
math.floor() |
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer |
|
math.fmod() |
Returns the remainder of x/y |
|
math.frexp() |
Returns the mantissa and the exponent, of a specified number |
|
math.fsum() |
Returns the sum of all items in any iterable (tuples, arrays, lists,
etc.) |
|
math.gamma() |
Returns the gamma function at x |
|
math.gcd() |
Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers |
|
math.hypot() |
Returns the Euclidean norm |
|
math.isclose() |
Checks whether two values are close to each other, or not |
|
math.isfinite() |
Checks whether a number is finite or not |
|
math.isinf() |
Checks whether a number is infinite or not |
|
math.isnan() |
Checks whether a value is NaN (not a number) or not |
|
math.isqrt() |
Rounds a square root number downwards to the nearest integer |
|
math.ldexp() |
Returns the inverse of math.frexp() which is x * (2**i) of
the given numbers x and i |
|
math.lgamma() |
Returns the log gamma value of x |
|
math.log() |
Returns the natural logarithm of a number, or the logarithm of number
to base |
|
math.log10() |
Returns the base-10 logarithm of x |
|
math.log1p() |
Returns the natural logarithm of 1+x |
|
math.log2() |
Returns the base-2 logarithm of x |
|
math.perm() |
Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items with order
and without repetition |
|
math.pow() |
Returns the value of x to the power of y |
|
math.prod() |
Returns the product of all the elements in an iterable |
|
math.radians() |
Converts a degree value into radians |
|
math.remainder() |
Returns the closest value that can make numerator completely
divisible by the denominator |
|
math.sin() |
Returns the sine of a number |
|
math.sinh() |
Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number |
|
math.sqrt() |
Returns the square root of a number |
|
math.tan() |
Returns the tangent of a number |
|
math.tanh() |
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number |
|
math.trunc() |
Returns the truncated integer parts of a number |
Math Constants
|
Constant |
Description |
|
math.e |
Returns Euler's number (2.7182...) |
|
math.inf |
Returns a floating-point positive infinity |
|
math.nan |
Returns a floating-point NaN (Not a Number) value |
|
math.pi |
Returns PI (3.1415...) |
|
math.tau |
Returns tau (6.2831...) |
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